Nanofibers and nanotechnology in textiles.
Edited by P Brown and K Stevens, Clemson University, USA.
Nanotechnology is revolutionising the world of materials.
Learn about a new generation of textile fibers that have a wide range of applications.
Examines how to improve polymer properties.
Nanotechnology is revolutionising the world of materials. This important book reviews its impact in developing a new generation of textile fibers with enhanced functionality and a wide range of applications. The first part of the book reviews nanofiber production, discussing how different fiber types can be produced using electrospinning techniques. Part 2 analyses the production and properties of carbon nanotubes and polymer nanocomposites and their applications in such areas as aerospace engineering. The third part of the book considers ways of using nanotechnology to improve polymer properties such as thermal stability and dyeability. The final part of the book reviews the use of nanotechnology to modify textile surfaces, including the use of coatings and films, in order to improve hydrophobic, filtration and other properties.
Nanofibers and nanotechnology in textiles in textiles will be a valuable reference in assessing and using a new generation of textile fibers in applications as diverse as tissue and aerospace engineering.
ISBN 1 84569 105 9.
[ISBN-13: 978 1 84569 105 9]
October 2007.
544 pages 234 x 156mm Hard back.
£150.00 / US$300.00 / €225.00.
About the editors.
Dr Phil Brown is an Assistant Professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Clemson University.
Dr Kate Stevens is a Research Associate in the Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films at Clemson University.
Titles which may also be of interest:
Polymer nanocomposites.
Contents.
PART 1 NANOFIBER PRODUCTION.
PART 2 CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOCOMPOSITES.
PART 3 IMPROVING POLYMER FUNCTIONALITY.
PART 4 NANOCOATINGS AND SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES.
PART 1 NANOFIBER PRODUCTION.
Electrospinning of nanofibers.
D R Salem, Charge Injection Technologies Inc., USA.
Introduction.
Principles of electrostatic atomization.
Electrospraying and electrospinning by the capillary method.
Electrospraying and Electrospinning by the charge injection method.
References.
Producing nanofibre structures by electrospinning for tissue engineering
F K Ko, The University of British Columbia, Canada and M R Gandhi, Drexel University, USA.
Introduction.
Fabrication of nanofibrous scaffolds.
Characterization of nanofibrous scaffolds.
Cell-scaffolds interaction.
Summary and conclusion.
Acknowledgements.
References.
Continuous yarns from electrospun nanofibers.
E Smit, U Büttner and R D Sanderson, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
Introduction.
Using electrospun nanofibers: background and terminology.
Controlling fiber orientation.
Producing non-continuous or short yarns.
Producing continuous yarns.
Summary and future trends.
Sources of further information and advice.
References.
Producing polyamide nanofibers by electrospinning.
M Ashfari, Yazd University, Iran D-W Jung, Hyosung Corporation, South Korea and A E Tonelli and R Kotek, North Carolina State University, USA.
Introduction.
The electrospinning process.
Measuring the mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers.
Measuring the effects of different spinning conditions and the use of high molecular weight polymers on the properties of electrospun nanofibers
Improving the properties of electrospun nanofibers: experimental results.
Conclusions.
References.
Controlling the morphologies of electrospun nanofibers.
T Lin and X Wang, Deakin University, Australia.
Introduction.
The electrospinning process and fibre morphology.
Polymer concentration and fibre diameter.
Fibre bead formation and fibre surface morphology.
Controlling fibre alignment and web morphologies.
Bicomponent cross-sectional nanofibres.
Future trends.
Acknowledgement.
References.
PART 2 CARBON NANOTUBES AND NANOCOMPOSITES.
Synthesis, characterisation and applications of carbon nanotubes: the case of aerospace engineering.
M Regi, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Italy.
Introduction.
The development and structure of carbon nanotubes.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes.
Characterisation techniques.
Purification techniques.
The use of carbon nanotubes in aerospace engineering.
Nanostructured composite materials for aerospace applications.
Nanostructured solid propellents for rockets.
Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS) for aerospace applications.
Other aerospace applications of carbon nanotubes.
Conclusions.
References.
Carbon nanotube and nanofibre reinforced polymer fibres.
M Shaffer, Imperial College, UK and J Sandler, University of Bayreuth, Germany.
Introduction.
Synthesis and properties of carbon nanotubes.
Developing nanotube/nanofibre polymer composites.
Adding nanotubes and nanofibres to polymer fibres.
Analysing the rheological properties of nanotube/nanofibre polymer composites.
Analysing the microstructure of nanotube/nanofibre polymer composites.
Mechanical, electrical and other properties of nanocomposite fibres.
Future trends.
References.
Structure and properties of carbon nanotube-polymer nanofibers using melt spinning.
R Gorga, North Carolina State University, USA.
Introduction.
Producing carbon nanotube-polymer nanofibers.
Thermal characterisation.
Fiber morphology.
Mechanical properties of fibers.
Conclusions and future trends.
Sources of further information and advice.
Acknowledgements.
References.
Multifunctional polymer nanocomposites for industrial applications.
S J Bull, University of Newcastle, UK.
Introduction.
The development of functional polymer nanocomposites.
Improving the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Improving the fire retardant properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Improving the tribological properties of polymer nanocomposites.
Case-study: development of a nanocomposite sliding seal ring.
Enhancing the functionality of polymer nanocomposites.
Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
Nanofilled polypropylene fibers.
M Stiligoj-Smole and K Kleinschek, University of Maribor, Slovenia.
Introduction.
Polymer layered silicate nanocomposites.
The structure and properties of layered silicate polypropylene (PP)
Nanocomposites.
Nano-silica filled polypropylene nanocomposites.
Calcium carbonate and other additives.
Conclusion.
References.
PART 3 IMPROVING POLYMER FUNCTIONALITY.
Nanostructuring polymers with cyclodextrins.
A E Tonelli, North Carolina State University, USA.
Introduction.
Formation and characterisation of polymer-cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds.
Properties of polymer-cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds.
Homo- and block copolymers coalesced from their cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds.
Constrained polymerisation in monomer cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds.
Coalescence of common polymer-cyclodextrin-inclusion compounds to achieve fine polymer blends.
Temporal and thermal stabilities of polymers nanostructured with cyclodextrins.
Cyclodextrin-modified polymers.
Polymers with covalently-bonded cyclodextrins.
Conclusions.
References.
Dyeable polypropylene (PP) via nanotechnology.
Q Fan and G Mani, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA.
Introduction.
Dyeing techniques for unmodified polypropylene.
Modifying polypropylene for improved dyeability using copolymerisation and other techniques.
Polyblending and other techniques for improving polypropylene dyeability.
Dyeing polypropylene nanocomposites.
Using x-ray diffraction analysis and other techniques to assess dyed polypropylene nanocomposites.
Conclusions.
Acknowledgments.
References.
Polyolefin/clay nanocomposites.
R A Kalgaonkar and J P Jog , National Chemical Laboratory, India.
Introduction.
Organomodification of clays.
Polyolefin/clay nanocomposites.
Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites.
Polyethylene/clay nanocomposites.
The range of polyolefin/clay nanocomposites.
Conclusions.
References.
Multi-wall carbon nanotube-nylon 6 nanocomposites from polymerisation.
Y K Kim and P KPatra, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, USA.
Introduction.
Nanocomposite synthesis and production.
Characterisation techniques.
Properties of multi-wall carbon nanotube-nylon 6 nanocomposite fibers.
Conclusions.
Acknowledgements.
References.
PART 4 NANOCOATINGS AND SURFACE MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES.
Nanotechnologies for coating and structuring of textiles.
T Stegmaier , M Dauner, V von Arnim, A Scherrieble, A Dinkelmann and H Planck, ITV Denkendorf, Germany.
Introduction.
Production of nanofiber nonwovens using electrostatic spinning.
Anti-adhesive nanocoating of fibres and textiles.
Water and oil-repellent coatings by plasma treatment.
Self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces.
Sources of further information and advice.
References.
Electrostatic self-assembled nanolayer films for cotton fibers.
G K Hyde and J P Hinestroza, Cornell University, USA.
Introduction.
Principles of electrostatic self-assembly (ESA) for creating nanolayer films.
Advantages and disadvantages of electrostatic self-assembly>
Substrates used for ESA.
Polyelectrolytes used for ESA.
Analysing self-assembled nanolayer films on cotton.
Conclusions: functional textiles for protection, filtration and other applications.
References.
Nanofabrication of thin polymer films.
I Luzinov, Clemson University, USA.
Introduction.
Macromolecular platform for nanofabrication.
‘Grafting from’ technique for synthesis of polymer films.
‘Grafting to’ technique for synthesis of polymer films.
Synthesis of smart switchable coatings.
Synthesis of ultrahydrophobic materials.
Conclusions: hydrophobic, hydrophilic and switchable fibers.
Acknowledgements.
References.
Hybrid polymer nanolayers for surface modification of fibers.
S Minko and M Motornov, Clarkson University, USA.
Introduction: smart textiles via thin hybrid films.
Mechanisms of responsive behavior in thin polymer films.
Polymer–polymer hybrid layers.
Polymer–particles hybrid layers.
Hierarchical assembly of active nanostructured hybrid films.
Future trends.
Sources of further information and advice.
References.
Structure-property relationships of polypropylene nanocomposite fibres.
C Y Lew, University of Oxford and G M McNally, Queen’s University Belfast, UK.
Introduction.
Materials, processing and characterisation techniques.
Structure and morphology.
Phase homogeneity and spinline stability.
Optical birefringence and infra-red activation.
Crystallisation behaviour and mechanical performance.
Exfoliation by extensional flow deformation.
Conclusions.
References.
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